Definition for the Java Term Loops

Definition for the Java Term Loops A circle is a method of rehashing lines of code more than once. The square of code contained inside the circle will be executed over and over until the condition required by the circle is met. For instance, you could set up a circle to print out the even numbers somewhere in the range of 1 and 100. The code that gets executed each time the circle is run will be the printing out of a much number, the condition the circle is hoping to meet is arriving at 100 (i.e., 2 4 6 8....96 98). There are two kinds of circles: Uncertain - A vague circle doesn't have a clue how often it will run. For instance, you could look through an int exhibit searching for a particular worth. The most intelligent way is search every component of the cluster all together until you locate the correct worth. You dont know whether the worth is in the primary component or the last so the occasions you circle around checking the following component of the cluster is obscure. Uncertain circles are the while and do..while loops.Determinate - Aâ determinate circle knows precisely how frequently it will circle. For instance, on the off chance that you need to know how much cash youll be paid for the following a year less expense you could play out the compensation figuring multiple times. The determinate circle in Java is the for circle. Models An uncertain while circle to look for the number 10 out of a haphazardly requested int exhibit: /int exhibit of irregular numbers int[] numbers {1, 23, 56, 89, 3, 6, 9, 10, 123}; /a boolean variable that will go about as the condition for the circle boolean numberFound bogus; int file 0; /this circle will keep running until numberFound valid while (!numberFound) { System.out.println(Were circling around..); on the off chance that (numbers[index] 10) { numberFound valid; record; System.out.println(Weve found the number after record circles); } record; } A determinate for circle to show all the even numbers somewhere in the range of 1 and 100: int number 0; /circle around multiple times to get the even numbers /somewhere in the range of 1 and 100 for (int i1;i

No One Would Listen free essay sample

There was no clarification of the constant one percent yield in more than forty five stocks that Madoff managed. Madoff exploited the laxity by the SEC authorities in neglecting to catch up gripes with an examination, and the trust presented to him by the self important. For whatever length of time that the open saw paper trail gave by Madoff that the stocks were ceaselessly yielding profits, there was no reason to worry. The couple of individuals that understood that Madoff was really pushing a Ponzi plot alarmed the fitting specialists which thus let Madoff off with a slap on the wrist. The SEC went to examine Madoff in his structure on the eighteenth and nineteenth floor yet missed an entire seventeenth floor where the trick was predominantly doing its activities. Over a time of nine years Markopolos alarmed the SEC multiple times about the Ponzi plot that Madoff was running, yet they found him when the majority of the cash was spent sumptuously in endowments and extravagant gatherings. One reason Madoff had the option to execute his misrepresentation for such a long time was his inclination for promoting his venture business by listening in on others' conversations. Until the tricks later years, individuals found out about it from companions. It was an exclusive hangout, one that, broadly, turned out to be just progressively attractive on account of Madoffs appearing hesitance to concede new speculators. One of the implied conditions, as we probably am aware presently, was an understanding that data about Madoff ventures including their reality was to be held intently. Most financial specialists went along. Who might need to outrage Madoff and hazard losing their benefits? When Barron thought of an article bringing up issues about Madoff nothing occurred. The workers and merchants disregarded it. As it would later turn out, Madoffs illicit speculation business was without a doubt financing his legitimate exchanging activity. Among the charges to which Madoff confessed in March were three checks of illegal tax avoidance, which included moving a huge number of dollars from Madoffs fake business through his London activity to his authentic New York business. At any rate $250 million was moved as such, as per the charges. In 2006 when the SEC propelled an examination concerning Madoff’s dealings it was from influence from Markopolos that Madoff was running a Ponzi plan and he was additionally a key hotspot for the Mar/Hedge article. The SEC likewise inspected whether Fairfield Greenwich, a monster feeder finance, was appropriately uncovering the degree of its dependence on Madoff. As per explore by Harry Markopolos, it developed from as much as $7 billion of every 2000 to as much as $50 billion before the finish of 2005. What had begun a long time before as a little league enlisting exertion by Madoff operators at nation clubs had gone worldwide. Gigantic universal establishments, for example, Grupo Santander, Fortis Bank, and Union Bancaire Privee were all piping billions now and again through go-betweens to Madoff, tricked by the call of consistent 10% to 12% returns. Indeed, even one of the universes greatest sovereign assets, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, wound up sinking countless dollars into the Ponzi conspire by means of its interest in one of the large feeder reserves. The tempest broke in 2008. The business sectors started a catastrophic and quickening decay. With their non-Madoff speculations pummeled, an ever increasing number of clients went to what they thought were their most strong holding: They started mentioning withdrawals from Madoffs subsidize. Madoff was keeping up his veneer at work. Be that as it may, at home his urgency had started to appear. In November and early December, he requested that his better half make two exchanges totaling $15. 5 million from an investment fund to her own ledger so the money would be within reach. Madoff had never made such a solicitation, two sources state. Ruth has demanded her better half didnt illuminate her regarding the misrepresentation until the day preceding he was captured. She keeps up, as indicated by one of these sources, that Bernie said he required the money to pay client reclamations. By this point, $15. 5 million was an allowance contrasted and what he required. Starting at early December, speculators had requested the arrival of some $7 billion. In the event that Madoff genuinely pulled back his wifes cash for that reason, he had arrived at where he was establishing around in the couch pads for spare change. At the point when the SEC showed up with many specialists from the FBI, and the Securities Investor Protection Commission, the seventeenth floor was buzzing with movement. The seventeenth floor was assigned a wrongdoing scene, and gatekeepers were posted. The staff members who chipped away at 17 were grouped to a little meeting room close to the espresso machines on the eighteenth floor, where they sat apprehensively in what some of them called office capture. Individually they were taken to be addressed by the FBI. The companys PC and email frameworks were closed down, so many staff members breathed easy watching motion pictures, playing a game of cards, and talking. Madoff figured out how to safeguard a small portion of respect, even as he conceded to 11 charges of extortion, burglary, tax evasion, and prevarication an d retained the resentment coordinated at him from the crowd, where his casualties viewed. One of them tended to Madoff legitimately: I dont know whether you got an opportunity to pivot and take a gander at the people in question, he said irately. Madoff wavered and afterward wheeled ponderously in his seat as the appointed authority advised the casualty for addressing Madoff as opposed to the court. At the point when the adjudicator remanded him to guardianship that day, Madoff quietly pulled his shoulders back and permitted him to be bound. The sleeves, which glimmered as though newly cleaned, appeared to be some way or another fit to the fussy style of the litigant. Madoff was gone, probably never to make another stride on free soil. What's more, regardless of whether he doesnt get the most extreme 150 years, whatever he receives will viably be a lifelong incarceration for a 71-year-old. As the sun set down on Madoff and his tasks that stole in excess of 60 billion of the public’s cash, I accept the SEC would’ve found Madoff years sooner in the event that they were increasingly careful in his exercises. Markopolos drew out a portion of the laxities of the SEC and am trusting these occasions will perpetually change the SEC and all laws ought to be followed exactly when exchanging stocks. Bibliographic reference Kiobbo, Joseph. â€Å"No one would listen† Review of Harry Markopolos â€Å"No one would tune in: A True Financial Thriller†. A casebook, ed. Harry Markopolos (2010).

spring notes

spring notes spring verb 1. move or jump suddenly or rapidly upward or forward 2. originate or arise from noun 1. the season after winter and before summer, in which vegetation begins to appear, in the northern hemisphere from March to May and in the southern hemisphere from September to November 2. a resilient device, typically a helical metal coil, that can be pressed or pulled but returns to its former shape when released, used chiefly to exert constant tension or absorb movement In the midst of some version of the thesis struggle described in Chris Petersons powerful and beautiful Marathon post*, I question whether I am in fact a resilient device, whether I will gracefully complete the rapid upward or forward jump through graduation. I wrote to a friend (oversentimentally as alwaysthats me! No limit!) yesterday that spring is a tease. Its never as warm as it looks and our calendars strain under the weight of obligation. Spring is short, thoughjust a moment between winter and summerand toward the end, when the season comes into its own, we will be hit suddenly, full force, by the beauty and promise. Today was the first really warm day. I didnt wear a sweater (in retrospect, could have done with a long sleeve shirt instead of my sisters Tin-Tin t-shirt with the arms cut off, but when light comes in my window I wake up optimistic) and I ate my breakfast on the back porch. I had class at Harvard, the only school in the area that doesnt take Patriots Day off. I sat with Eden on the grass and she slept off some stress in the sun. This time of the semester is stressful for everyone. For me, its a plodding, self-paced kind of stress, because my work is mostly independent. I spend too much time deciding where to work and going there, when I should just be working. I like working in coffee shops, but not paying three dollars for coffee; I like working in the library, but it was closed today. Im full of excuses. And today it was almost too beautiful to work. The magnolia buds are balled-up pink fists shaking toward the sky, threatening to bloom. A spring can be pressed or pulled but returns to its former shape when released. I do not want to return to my former shape. I have changed in the past four years, mostly for the better, and Im a little afraid to leave. I know I wont un-grow but Im still apprehensive about leaving this place that has changed me so much. Im not attached to the place, but Im attached to the people, and the intellectual energy, and the endless spring of opportunity. There is also something about being in school, where all your work is on your own becoming, that I think Ill miss. I am resolved to enjoy it as much as I can this last month. I am so grateful for all of this. Also grateful for: Maria Popovas profile on the astronomer Vera Rubin, who confirmed the existence of dark matter despite the obstacles she faced as a woman in science in the 20th century. Bookstores, libraries, and books in general, especially what is not yours is not yours by Helen Oyeyemi and As Consciousness is Harnessed to Flesh from the journals of Susan Sontag (bummer that all the Pulitzer winners outside of journalism announced today were men, though) Spring break at home in Santa Fe, evidenced below, and made even better by the visit of Harini S. 16, who took the pictures with me in them. We ate huevos rancheros, visited the House of Eternal Return, hiked, ate more huevos rancheros, chilled out in las montaas. *fact: I have lines from this post copied down on sticky notes and stuck to my desk.

Auguste Rodin Essay - 899 Words

Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) was born on November 12th 1840 in Paris, France. Very few would dispute the statement that Rodin was the greatest genius in the world of sculpture in the late 19th century. There were very few artists who faced the criticism; slander and personal insults during their lifetimes as was given to Rodin likewise there are few artists who have known such personal glory during their carriers. Rodins sculpture was so powerful and original that those in control of the art world did not understand him in his day. He was refused admittance into the Ecole des Beaux-Arts three times and was the brunt of many articles criticizing his works. His talent and art was so powerful that despite all of the official disdain he†¦show more content†¦In 1864 he submitted his plaster mask of L’Homme au nez Casse to the Salon and it was refused entry and it was not until the 1875 Salon that this work, now in marble, was finally admitted. It was in 1875 that Rodin travel ed to Italy where he was greatly impressed by the works of Michelangelo whose influence can be seen in many of Rodins works. Rodin worked in Belgium for several years as a anonymous sculptor where he created his first true masterpiece LAge dAirin and exhibited it at the Paris Salon of 1877 where it was not well received and provoked many uncomplimentary articles accusing Rodin of copying another work or a living model because it was so lifelike. Many of the famous artists of the day came to Rodins defense praising Rodin as a genius and the Government of France would purchase LAge dAirin in 1880 as the first of many State acquisitions of his art. It was also in 1880 that Rodin received his commission for the entrance to a newly planned museum on the bank of the Seine, the site was changed to the Louvre and his commission canceled but Rodin continued working on this gigantic work for the rest of his life changing and increasing it in size to finally encompass no less than 186 figures. It would become known as La Porte de lEnfer (The Gates of Hell). Many of the images in this work were done separately and became some of Rodins most famous sculptures. Even amid the official criticism of his works his fame spreadShow MoreRelatedEssay on Works of Auguste Rodin1164 Words   |  5 PagesAuguste Rodin was born in 1840 and died in 1917, a year before the end of World War I. He was one of the most illustrious artists of his time, and in the eyes of posterity he remains, surely, the greatest name in Western Sculpture since Michelangelo. His style was both classic and romantic, and to his contemporaries it was also revolutionary, for although Rodin followed routine closely, he presented it exactly as he saw and experienced it, and refused to be bound by the artistic conventions ofRead MoreBiography Of Auguste Rodin s The Gates Of Hell 1908 Words   |  8 PagesAuguste Rodin has a number of awe-inspiring pieces, ranging in medium, size, and location. Outside the massive cluster in Paris, they pop up in the most unusual places, such as Philadelphia, Seoul, Tokyo, and Raleigh. What is even more interesting is that many of Rodin’s pieces were designed to be part of a single great piece, a massive pair of doors, intended for an art museum that grew into something much more. This piece is Rodin’s Gates of Hell. The gates are particularly significant to the worldRead MoreLovers stopped in time, unable to proceed to the lip locking trophy of affection. A simple four800 Words   |  4 Pagesproceed to the lip locking trophy of affection. A simple four letter word that has changed the world by its beauty and awe. What are these interesting pictures of words and love? The Kiss, a dramatic scene unfolding before everyone created by Auguste Rodin, and LOVE, the simplistic sucker punch created by Robert Indiana, are wonderful creations that have both an impact and a meaning. These two sculptures have graced the art world with all their beauty leaving some breathless. They mean so many differentRead MoreCritique on Carl Milles Work687 Words   |  3 Pagesmanage a school of Swedish gymnastics. However, he stopped at Paris on the way to Chile and remained in Paris until 1904 and attended lectures at the Sorbonne to study art. He was admitted to the salon in 1899 and later worked in the studio of Auguste Rodin. He slowly got the recognition as a sculptor. Carl Milles in 1955 The early work of Carl Milles was Two Girls Dancing in 1917. The sculpture shows two women poised on tiptoe in a turning movement. He was enthusiastic about free dance,Read MoreCompare and Contrast Essay595 Words   |  3 Pageslove or is it just a natural feeling towards a person? Some say youll know the  meaning  of  love  when you fall in  love, yet some dont believe in  love  at all. The sculpture â€Å"LOVE† created by Robert Indiana and the sculpture â€Å"The Kiss† made by Auguste Rodin both share some of the same meanings behind the art work (Indianapolis Museum of Art) (Rodins The Kiss Sculpture). A major similarity between the two is love; which attracts and speaks to people all around the world. Although they are spoken inRead MoreModern Art : Art History1807 Words   |  8 PagesDinan Guan Art History 23 Modern Art Dis 1J Fixed Dynamism Two sculptures, among others, lie in the outskirts of the Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden at UCLA. One of them, The Walking Man, is a bronze sculpture created by French sculptor Auguste Rodin in 1905. The other, made more than 100 years later, is T.E.U.C.L.A., a large scale steel sculpture made by minimalist sculptor Richard Serra. Although it may seem like these works have more differences than similarities, both emphasize the processesRead MoreThe Kiss1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kiss, created by different artists. Auguste Rodin, Constatin Brancusi, and Gustav Klimt all have their own version of the work. While Rodin and Brancusi created a sculpture, Klimt created a painting. These artists conveyed many different emotions for their viewers to perceive. These works of art also have several things in common. It is important to learn about each artist in order to learn the ideas and thoughts that come from their works. Auguste Rodin was French sculptor, known to be innovativeRead More Constantin Brancusi Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesthe School of Fine Arts in Bucharest he received many awards for his sculptures, among them an award for the bust of Vitellius and a bronze medal for the Laocoon bust. Also , during this period Brancusi starts to feel captivated by the works of Auguste Rodin ( whose concepts indignated the academicians but enthusiasted the avantgardists) and the artistic movement outside the frontiers of his country. This determines him to go to Paris by foot , with his backpack and he arrives there on the 14th ofRead MoreHave You Ever Admired A Sculpture? Did You Wonder Why It1041 Words   |  5 Pagesemotions and supernatural elements like Romanticism, Realism tries to keep the sculptures more truthful and without artificial elements being portrayed in the art. An example of a realism sculpture would be the very famous, The Thinker by Auguste Rodin. Auguste Rodin was an infamous , 19th century, French, sculptor. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, conflicts about sculpting arose. Artists started to find themselves cut off from society, but even more than artists, sculptors were takingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Afternoon Of A Faun1728 Words   |  7 Pagessomething to talk about in a way that had not happened with dance before. On the opening night, the ballet was met with a mixture of applause and booing, so the dance was repeated on that same night. The second time, the audience applauded, and Auguste Rodin, a famous French sculptor in the audience, stood up to cheer: â€Å"Nijinsky has never been so remarkable as in his latest role. No more jumps – nothing but half-conscious animal gestures and poses. He lies down, leans on his elbow, walks with bent

Essay on Future Societies - 1617 Words

Future Societies No body knows what the future is going to be like. The future is an unsolved mystery that can never be unleashed. People will never be able to live in the future because the catch is once people live in the future, the future becomes the present. Even though no one knows what the future is going to be like, people like to write about this unsolved mystery because there is no right or wrong answer to what the future is going to be like. Both the novel, The Lathe of Heaven, and the movie, The Matrix, focus on the future. The writers and creators of these works not only suggest what life could be like in the future with similarities and differences, but they also add what life is like today in order to make the stories†¦show more content†¦In the novel the three main characters are Manny, George, and the girl he likes, Miss Leache. In the movie the trio is Morphius, Neo, and the girl he likes, Trinity. These characters are very similar to each other because they depend on each other. The anti-agent in the novel is Dr. Habor, and in the movie the anti-agent is Agent Smith. These anti-agents try and distract the main characters, either Neo or George, with what they are trying to achieve. They make the main characters lives more challenging. Other than the fact that The Matrix is a movie and The Lathe of Heaven is a book, there are aspects which are different between the two works. For instance, in The Matrix there are only two worlds. These worlds are the matrix and the real world. Not too many people know about the real world because they are stuck in the matrix. In the movie these two worlds stay consistent. The matrix is always the computer system where people have the same day to day routines, and the real world is always destroyed and run by machines. On the other hand, in the novel there are always new worlds. The characters never go back to a world which they have already lived in. Every time George dreams, a new world is created. These worlds are un known until he wakes up and sees what he has done to the previous world. George is the only one aware of these changes while in the movie the people who are not plugged in the system all know what is going on. The worlds in the novelShow MoreRelatedHow Important Is a Sense of History in Shaping the Future of Singapores Society?1558 Words   |  7 PagesQns 6. How important is a sense of history in shaping the future of Singapores society? Singapore is without a doubt, a diversified nation with many different cultures and races. Contrary to the popular belief of difference leading to antagonism, Singapore is perhaps one of the few countries globally to welcome people despite their variable backgrounds and still remain collectively competitive. Indeed, credit is due to Singapores society past or present, had been seen to be shaped with a strongRead MoreThe Future Farmers Of Society1576 Words   |  7 PagesFuture Farmers of Society Have you ever thought or asked yourself, do you want to eat? Do you want to grow your own food while working another job? The faction, Dukes, as the future farmers of society do these things in our faction. After the Ebola virus hit the air our faction (Dukes) decided to be the caring and the giving ones. The responsibilities for the society, are to take care of animals, grow food and herbs, and hunt for food. In doing so, by us fulfilling our responsibilities, people willRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography for Samsungs Outlook Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom hardware to software. By doing so, people that are into technology are going to be more interested in the products. This will provide my claim that Samsung is better by giving information on the interesting features they plan to provide in the future. Tappin, Steve. â€Å"Apple vs. Samsung: Who Will Win?† Linkedin. Linkedin, 14 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This web exclusive source addresses which company is better in certain categories such as leadership, branding, design, user’s experience, andRead MoreCollege Education, Society, And The Future1467 Words   |  6 Pages Education, Society, and The Future One can easily distinguish whether a person has received a college degree or not. The difference might not be spotted at the moment, but it can be clearly recognized with more time spent beside the person. Confidence, satisfaction, sophistication, and economic power are some of the attributes that can differentiate an uneducated person from another. Having that said, college education does in fact change and affect a person’s health, economic power, and moralRead MoreChildren Are Our Future Society Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesChildren are our future society Children are our future society. The question is â€Å"How to prepare these generation to think critical, invent something extraordinary or maybe be the next president of The United States?† Piaget said â€Å"Teaching means creating situations where structures can be discovered† (Piaget). Educators, during their careers, develop many strategies to teach and nurture a child in an excellent school environment that promotes learning. The class design is a key for the strategiesRead MoreThe Aims Of Education : A Better Society For The Future1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe aims of education to me is produce a better society for the future. To help them be moral, ethical, and develop a higher sense of thinking. This way they can help progress society as a whole, and advance further together into the future. Having the future citizens of the world have a higher sense of thinking can aid them in their decisions more moral; assist them in determining what is right and wrong. Stu dents will need to learn how to be more open minded and able to share knowledge amongstRead MoreThe Future of Books in Todays Society Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesinnovation is causing many to debate whether E-books are a burden or a blessing on society. The movement from the oral tradition to the printed words was one of the biggest advancements of all times, the question remains if the movement from printed words to E-books is as revolutionary. Books have been the storehouses of information and knowledge since the printing press and it’s worth our time to inform our selves what the future of our learning will be. â€Å"Today, roughly 40-50,000 books are published commerciallyRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Future Of The Destruction Of Society2048 Words   |  9 PagesGenetic Engineering; Path to the Future of the Destruction of Society? Being human, it’s a natural desire to want other things that people have, whether we like it or not. We are always comparing ourselves to other people. We are wanting to be taller, have this hair color, or even want to have better writing skills. When we’re born, you can’t technically choose what you will look like or what traits your parents will pass onto you. Advances in biotechnology have changed the way we see DNA and howRead MoreThe Effects Of Abortion On The Society s Future Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rights and responsibilities of the woman attempting to induce an abortion. 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With the vast increases in technology our society has experienced in the past forty years the news media have become an especially effective orator of impending doom, the daily exposà ©s

unit 522 facilitate coaching and mentoring - 1457 Words

Unit 522 Facilitate coaching and mentoring in health and social care or children and young people’s settings. When working in a care a setting it is important that I carry out professional supervision. During the induction process as part of them management team I will talked to the team about the purpose of supervision and why it takes place. During the first six months of employment at Genus care, carer’s are on probation and will be supervised twice during each month. I do this as part of the company policy and in order to fully support the individual needs and development of the new team member. After this period has passed supervisions go to once a month and continue throughout the rest of their employment. During supervision as†¦show more content†¦The employee owns the process so coaching can only occur when the employee is willing to participate. Mentoring involves a manager passing on his/her knowledge and expertise to an employee. Typically, the employee has a mentor who is at management level but not directly involved in his or her work area, so that issue s can be discussed in an impartial and confidential manner. Employee Appraisals All the activities mentioned above should take place on an ongoing basis. The formal appraisal interview, normally held on an annually, is a great forum to discuss progress in each of these areas. The main difference between a Coach and a Mentor is that, the mentor has a deep personal interest, personally involved for example a friend who cares about the person and the long term development. Whereas a coach develops specific skills for the task, like challenges and performance expectations at work. As a coach I will often focus on an individual’s performance and will have a specific agenda i.e. time management. I will select a goal and tell the individual how they can achieve it in order to get the best results. When in the house as a senior care worker I am always viewed as a coach and will guide new team members through their probation by showing them how to deal with situations and tasks on a day to day basis within the home. As a mentor I focus on the individual, often there is not a set agenda, tasks are self selected and there isShow MoreRelated522 mentoring3582 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Alisha Wall Unit 522 - Facilitate coaching and mentoring of practitioners in health and social care or children and young peoples settings 2.4 - Explain the different types of information advice and guidance that can support learning in the work setting 4.3 - Explain the support needs of those who are working with peers as coaches or mentors There are 8 key communication skills for effective coaching that would also apply to mentoring: listening, questioning, constructively challenging, seeingRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pages600/0573/7 2 City Guilds Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Unit 501 Unit 502 Unit 503 Unit 504 Introduction Centre requirements Delivering the qualification Assessment Units Use and develop systems that promote communication (SHC51) Promote professional development (SHC52) 6 44 48 49 54 55 58 Champion equality, diversity and inclusion (SHC53) 60 Develop healthRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesQuestions 205 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 205 Case Application 8-A: The Underrated Checklist: Five Steps to Save Lives 205 Case Application 8-B: Delivering at UPS 205 Working with a Team: Orienting Employees 206 Learning an HRM Skill: Coaching Employees 206 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 207 The Socialization Process 185 The Purpose of New-Employee Orientation 186 Learning the Organization’s Culture 187 The CEO’s Role in Orientation 187 HRM’s Role in Orientation 188 It’s All inRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesrelationship values. This will be followed by discussions of effective selection procedures, compensation and benefits, job enrichment and job satisfaction, practices providing work life balance, organizational direction, and other practices that facilitate retention. Next, there will be a discussion of the costs of downsizing and layoffs. This will be followed by a discussion of how to avoid business cycle–based layoffs, alternatives to layoffs, and employment guarantees. 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Others sought external innovation. Biotechs were contributing an increasing share of the industry’s new products via licensing deals. Procter and Gamble actually closed internal Discovery efforts in 2006, with the declaredRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesFirst Edition Project Management The Managerial Process Fifth Edition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any meansRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCONTINENTAL COMPUTER CORPORATION According to Ed White: Our major problems first began to surface during the early nineties. When we restructured our organization, we assumed that each division would operate as a separate entity (i.e., strategic business unit) without having to communicate with one another except through corporate headquarters. Therefore, we permitted each of our division vice presidents and general managers to set up whatever organizational structure they so desired in order to get the

MEDEA Argumentative Essay Example For Students

MEDEA Argumentative Essay A monologue from the play by Euripides NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of Euripides in English, vol. ii. Trans. Shelley Dean Milman. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1922. MEDEA: From my apartment, ye Corinthian dames,Lest ye my conduct censure, I come forth:For I have known full many who obtainedFame and high rank; some to the public gazeStood ever forth, while others, in a sphereMore distant, chose their merits to display:Nor yet a few, who, studious of repose,Have with malignant obloquy been calledDevoid of spirit: for no human eyesCan form a just discernment; at one glance,Before the inmost secrets of the heartAre clearly known, a bitter hate gainst himWho never wronged us they too oft inspire.But tis a strangers duty to adoptThe manners of the land in which he dwells;Nor can I praise that native, led astrayBy mere perverseness and oerweening folly,Who bitter enmity incurs from thoseOf his own city. But, alas! my friends,This unforseen calamity hath witheredThe vigour of my soul. I am undone,Bereft of every joy that life can yield,And therefore wish to die. For as to him,My husband, whom it did import me mostTo have a thorough knowledge of, he prov esThe worst of men. But sure among all thoseWho have with breath and reason been endued,We women are the most unhappy race.First, with abundant gold are we constrainedTo buy a husband, and in him receiveA haughty master. Still doth there remainOne mischief than this mischief yet more grievous,The hazard whether we procure a mateWorthless or virtuous: for divorces bringReproach to woman, nor must she renounceThe man she wedded; as for her who comesWhere usages and edicts, which at homeShe learnt not, are established, she the giftOf divination needs to teach her howA husband must be chosen: if arightThese duties we perform, and he the yokeOf wedlock with complacency sustains,Ours is a happy life; but if we failIn this great object, better twere to die.For, when afflicted by domestic ills,A man goes forth, his choler to appease,And to some friend or comrade can revealWhat he endures; but we to him aloneFor succour must look up. They still contendThat we, at home remaining, lead a lifeE xempt from danger, while they launch the spear:False are these judgments; rather would I thrice,Armed with a target, in th embattled fieldMaintain my stand, than suffer once the throesOf childbirth. But this language suits not you:This is your native city, the abodeOf your loved parents, every comfort lifeCan furnish is at hand, and with your friendsYou here converse: but I, forlorn, and leftWithout a home, am by that husband scornedWho carried me from a Barbarian realm.Nor mother, brother, or relation nowHave I, to whom I midst these storms of woe,Like an auspicious haven, can repair.Thus far I therefore crave ye will espouseMy interests, as if haply any meansOr any stratagem can be devisedFor me with justice to avenge these wrongsOn my perfidious husband, on the kingWho to that husbands arms his daughter gave,And the new-wedded princess; to observeStrict silence. For although at other timesA woman, filled with terror, is unfitFor battle, or to face the lifted sword,She when her so ul by marriage wrongs is fired,Thirsts with a rage unparalleled for blood.

Greek Civ Versus Roman Civ Essays - Cultural Anthropology

Greek Civ versus Roman Civ Today's society in which we live in has based itself on the past achievements and failures of previous civilizations which rose and fell with the hands of time. Every one of those civilizations made certain contributions to history as well as developing human intellectuality in order to enhance its chances of becoming the supreme ruler of our planet's resources. If we look back in history right now we can say that every single mishap, disaster, breakthrough, war, or even a conversation has led to the advancement of our modern day society. There are many civilizations that have made major contributions to the structure of our modern society. From Babylon's Hammurabi and his laws, to the extremely scientifical Egyptians, and the brilliant warlike Persians. Yet they all seem not as significant as the two most remembered ancient civilizations being the Greeks and the Romans. Both of these conquered large areas in order to enhance their trade routes and in the process conquering most of the known world. Ideas had been brought forward during the times of these two which are quite similarly very much incorporated into the way in which we live our everyday lives in our modern era. Since Rome was the biggest empire ever in history, lasting for the longest time, it has always been claimed to be the greatest contributor to humanities civil advancements. Rome has been credited for being the world's first free-market empire. It also was the first empire to practice diplomacy through offering countries its "Pax Romana" (protection as long as the country pays taxes to Rome). (Internet1) Rome's generals and rulers were amongst histories most successful both in its imperial time as well its republican era. Amongst Rome's biggest and most astonishing aspects was the incredibly high standard of living in which it maintained. Hot water piping, beautiful architecture and excellent highways were amongst its many wonders. Architectural wonders such as the circus Maximus are still available to be seen today. The Roman's were also great literalists, who ruled supreme in the art of rhetoric. Great poets, philosophers and political analysts such as Cicero added their weight to the importance of the Roman era. Yet all most of the above contributions have had a base before Rome and all Rome did was improve on Hellenised ideas. (Kagan) Hellenisation was the spread of Greek ideas incorporated into the daily lives of people under either the rule of the Greeks or influenced by them. Even though Greece was ruling supreme at least five hundred years before Rome had even an identity, their philosophy, military strategies, politics as well as literature is still very much incorporated into practically every advanced civilization since their time; ours very much included. The classical age of Greece was a period of unparalleled achievement. It carried forward the tradition of rational, secular speculation in natural philosophy and science, but turned its attention more to human questions in medicine and ethical and political philosophy. While the rest of the world continued to be characterized by monarchial, hierarchical, command societies, in Athens democracy was carried as far as it would go before modern times. Democracy disappeared with the end of Greek autonomy in the late fourth century B.C. When it returned in the modern world more than two millennia later, it was broader but shallower. (Internet2) It was in this democratic system that the greatest artistic, literary and philosophical achievements took place. A naturalistic form of art took place evolved that placed human beings as they might ideally look like. This approach in art was passed down to the Romans and disappeared to emerge strongly in the renaissance era. (Ozment) The conquests of Alexander and the Hellenistic civilization that came with them greatly affected the previously conquered societies and their neighbors. The Seleucid successors of Alexander ruled some parts of the Old Persian Empire for almost two centuries after his death, and Hellenistic culture continued to influence the urban upper classes for some time. (Kagan) All these developments have led to the development of the next great empire, Rome. The hoplite Phalanx, the Greeks fighting strategy was adopted and later improved by the Romans, to form the most invincible army of their time. These developments diverge sharply from the experience

Alexander The Great Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Alexander The Great Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Alexander The Great Alexander the Great and His Achievements Alexander the Great was the king of Macedon. Alexander of Macedon, or ancient Mecadonia, deserves to be called the Great. Alexander the Great was considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was an excellent king, general, and conqueror. During his thirteen-year rule he conquered almost all the then known world and gave a new direction to history. He had established an empire after he died. His new empire helped many people live their lives. He improved the way of life in his empire in many ways. Conquering other lands spread the Greek traditions and language. Alexander the Great was born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedon (Martin 192). He was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Philip II was the king of Macedonia and Olympias was the princess of Epirus (Stewart 18). Alexander had many interests in military strategies (Stewart 20). Once when Alexander was about seven years old, a group of Persian diplomats came to Macedon to see Philip. Philip was with his army fighting neighboring tribes so the diplomats stayed and talked with Alexander. They didn't except Alexander to ask questions about the size of the Persian army and the length of the journey to Susa (an important city in Persia). This shows one of Alexander's early interests (Stewart 21). Philip decided to buy Alexander a racehorse when Alexander was ten or eleven years old. The horse was named Bucephalas. Bucephalas' behavior did not please Philip. Philip ordered the horse's owner to take the horse away but Alexander declared that he could tame the horse (Stewart 21). Everyone applauded when they saw Alexander ride the horse. The rest of the company broke into applause, writes Plutarch, while his father, we are told, wept for joy, and when Alexander had dismounted he kissed him and said, 'My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. Macedon is too small for you' (Stewart 22). Alexander needed more than horsemanship and self-confidence to be a good king. He needed discipline. Philip worried that Olympias spoiled the boy too much. For Alexander to learn those things, Philip hires a stern and a tough tutor to teach Alexander. His name is Leonidas. He monitored Alexander's meals and exercises. Leonidas didn't trust Olympias. He suspected she tried to smuggle extra food in Alexander's marching gear. The man [Leonidas] himself used to come and look through my bedding boxes and clothes chests, Alexander wrote, to see my mother did not hide any luxuries (Stewart 22). Philip knew that Alexander needed more training. Philip sent for a teacher who was probably the wisest man in all of Greece. His name was Aristotle. Aristotle was born in a small township of Stagira in northern Greece (Barnes 3). Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist. He is considered the most famous ancient thinkers (Barnes 3). When Aristotle was seventeen years old he moved to Athens, where he became a member of Plato's school. He stayed at Plato's academy for twenty years. Aristotle left the Academy when Plato died. Aristotle founded his own informal philosophical school in Athens. Aristotle lectured on nearly every branch of learning: biology, medicine, anatomy, psychology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, music, metaphysics, rhetoric, political science, ethics, and literary criticism. Aristotle defined and classified various branches of knowledge. He sorted them into physics, psychology, rhetoric, poetry, and logic. He laid the foundation of the most of the sciences of today. He collected the first great library and established a museum (Martin 182). In 342 B.C. Philip invited Aristotle to teach his thirteen-year-old son Alexander. Aristotle's main love was philosophy. Alexander and Aristotle's discussion about philosophy laid the foundation for Alexander's ideas of what it meant to be a soldier and a king. Alexander learned from Aristotle the principles of zoology and botany. Alexander enjoyed literature most out of all the lessons Aristotle taught. Aristotle introduced the boy to the best poets and writers (Stewart 22-23). Alexander loved the work of Homer. The Illiad was Alexander's favorite. The tales of adventure, love, bravery, and loyalty excited Alexander. Aristotle gave Alexander a copy of the poem. Alexander carried the book everywhere and put it under his

AT&T Wireless Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

AT&T Wireless - Term Paper Example This essay discusses that AT & T Wireless has been a major player in the techno-communications industry and has made a lot of great impacts in society since its inception. Agreeably, the company has achieved so much and can boast of shredding shoulders with all other companies when it comes to naming global techno-communication giants. Apart from the fast that the company has grown in financial wise and has been credited with a number of technologically based innovations and inventions, there still remains a lot more that the company can do to wind up its achievement. It was option said that the sky was the limit but today a lot more corporate gurus are beginning to realize that there is much space beyond the sky and so the limit could even be pegged above the sky. If this is the case, then a lot more can be targeted for AT&T to achieve as a global corporate figure. But for whatever goal or vision is set for the company, the goal cannot be achieved in the absence of a well caved busi ness strategy. This is because it is these strategies that serve as roadmaps, yardsticks and radars for determining the policy direction to take into achieving the goals of the company. Based on this assertion by Kusi, The Plan Ware defines a business strategy as document or facility that â€Å"can provide the foundation and frame work for a business plan.† This means that before a strategy would be needful, there must be a business plan in place. With reference to AT & T Wireless, their business plan may be summed in their mission and vision statement, which is to become a leader in the provision of network of all wireless carriers. It is actually based on this business plan that a technology strategy has been highlighted below. Quoting directly from the AT&T Enterprise (2012), the most outlining strategy suggested for the company is the â€Å"Development of a gap analysis which addresses people, process, and technology considerations.† This means that there is an adv ocacy for the customer to strategically focus on customer needs and assistance whiles exploring ways of expanding their technological reach. This is a very comprehensive strategy that entails a number of fundamental models. First, the company must be in a position to appreciate the contribution of their customer as the most important stakeholders of the company. Second, the company must have a commitment to meeting customers at the point of their needs. Third, the company must be result oriented so as to be in a position to solve all technology based problems pointed out by customers. Finally, the company must seek of ways of expanding their systems and structure to cater for growing demand of support from their customers. It must be emphasized that this strategy is not a corporate social responsibility whereby the company is being asked to solve customers’ problems for free. Rather, it is customer-oriented strategy that indict upon the company to help the customer know that he or she has this problem and so needs this solution to the problem and that the company is in a position to offer the solution. In simple terms, the company should look out for problems to fix at a cost. This will create a win-win situation where by the customer would see the company as a ready-to-help mate and the company to will by this means be making her own profits. Section 2 - Core Competencies Given the strategy of the company as â€Å"development of a gap analysis which addresses people, process, and technology considerations†, there are a number of core competencies that can be built around the realization of this strategy. Because the strategy is more of reach out system of identifying the needs of people (customers) and applying the most appropriate technology based solutions to the problems, some of the core competences that can be outlined include beginner technology evaluation, corporate technology offer assistance and wireless security expertise. Each of thes e three core competences can briefly be highlighted as follows: Beginner

Political Economy of Work and Health in Silicon Valley Case Study - 8

Political Economy of Work and Health in Silicon Valley - Case Study Example Santa Clara County was originally one of the counties of California and formed part of statehood. When California was added to the United States in 1848, Santa Clara County attracted many other towns around it after the gold rush. The towns were supply centers for California’s gold rush dealers. A brief description of the Chinese Immigrant and Native Americans The Chinese immigrants first came to America in 1838 and the inflow peaked in 1850. The Chinese were flocking to California for the gold rush. It was difficult to assimilate Chinese into Native American culture. While in America, they maintained their ways, but their culture was considered by Native Americans as inferior. A brief description of the â€Å"Temp Slave† Economy Tempt slave economy is a new promise for personal freedom and individual creativity. It provides new ways of jobs creation in which one can design out of temporary consulting engagement and employment. In temp slave, people must volunteer to be employed and offer employment to others.

Effect of Banking Regulations on Financial Intermediation

Effect of Banking Regulations on Financial Intermediation Introduction Banks have all along played the role of financial intermediaries by channelizing funds primarily from household sector to producing sector and the efficiency and smoothness with which such intermediation is done by banks is one of the prime parameters that determine the economic efficiency and consequent industrial and material progress of a society. Financial intermediation has a cost and that cost is reflected in bank rates and overhead expenditures incurred by banks. Bank rates, however, are not determined in isolation or only from the perspective of profit maximization by the banking sector. These rates are impacted by many other economic and statutory issues pertaining to a particular economy and such issues may vary widely from economy to economy depending upon the administrative attitude towards matters of equanimity in various sectors of the economy, especially the banking sector itself. The general view among experts in this field is that if administrative authorities are in favor of competition, it will lead to the presence of larger number of players in the banking sector that would automatically lead to lower bank rates as competing bankers will vie with each other to attract customers, and will automatically have to become efficient in their functioning in order to stay afloat in such highly competitive environment. So, the economy as a whole would be able to enjoy efficient banking services coupled with comparatively affordable bank rates. However, if entry in banking sector is strictly regulated, it would result in less competition and might also lead to lesser efficiency and almost certainly higher bank rates as the few banks that would be operating in the finance sector would remain assured of clients as the latter would have no option but to approach these few bankers for finance. It must be repeated, however, that these statutory regulations differ so widely between countries and regions that the only plausible method of measuring the impact of such biases and restrictions on bank rates and efficiency would be to consider each instance individually and comparing it with the larger and more generic backdrop of financial efficiency. (Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Laeven and Levine) Impact of net interest margin and overhead expenditures on Cost of intermediation Cost of intermediation is substantially impacted by net interest margin and it would be worthwhile to study in a little more detail as to the exact characteristics and features of net interest margin. Put simply, the net interest margin signifies the income of banks and it consists of the interest a bank earns by lending money to borrowers and the interest it has to pay to its depositors. The exact measure of net interest margin is obtained by dividing the difference between a banks interest earning and interest expenditure by the volume of interest bearing assets. The net interest margin thus is related to the traditional functions of banking industry accepting deposits at lower interest rates and lending them at higher rates of interest. The overhead expenditure ratio of a bank is calculated by dividing bank overhead costs by the total assets of the bank. It is but obvious that the more inefficient a bank the higher would be its overhead expenditure ratio. But overhead expenditures are not only dependent on pure operational efficiency of a bank. It also depends on the prevailing market regulations and freedom or otherwise for players to leave or enter the banking sector as and when the desire to do it arises. The degree of freedom of entry or exit is, quite obviously, determined by the statutory or law enacting authorities of the country. It might be worthwhile to mention at this juncture that though freedom of entry and exit primarily determines the extent of competition in the banking sector, there are other equally important issues that determine the ability of the commercial banks to offer credit to potential customers. It is proper at this stage to take a closer look at these regulatory issues that influence the quantum of credit that commercial banks can offer to customers and the consequent cost of financial intermediation in an economy. There are two principal instruments to impact the bank regulations and monetary policy that are adopted by central bank of an economy to control the availability of credit in the economy. They are: Quantitative Instruments and Qualitative Instruments These instruments, by restricting or allowing commercial banks to offer loans, actually increase or decrease the overhead expenditures of a banking company. It perhaps needs no elaboration that overhead expenditure ratio will get lower and lower as more and more deposits available to the bank are lent outside. The more it can lend from the deposits collected, the higher will be the proportion of interest bearing assets with respect to total assets and quite naturally, the overhead expenses per unit of interest bearing asset will start falling. Thus every banker in his mind wishes for a regime that is very soft on application of these monetary policy instruments. Quantitative Instruments: These are those instruments of monetary policy which affect overall supply of money/credit in the economy. These instruments do not direct or restrict the flow of credit to some specific sectors of the economy. Important ones are: Bank Rate: The bank rate is the minimum rate at which the Central bank of a country (as a lender of last resort) is prepared to give credit to the commercial banks. The increase in bank rate increases the rate of interest and credit becomes dear. Accordingly, the demand for credit is reduced. On the other hand, decrease in the bank rate lowers the market rate of interest charged by commercial banks from their borrowers. Credit becomes cheap; accordingly, demand for credit expands. The Central bank adopts dear money policy when supply of credit needs to be reduced during periods of inflation. It adopts cheap money policy when credit needs to be expanded during deflation. Success of bank rate policy, however, depends on the following factors: Degree of dependence of commercial banks upon Central Bank for loans: If commercial banks have their own surplus funds which they can utilize during periods of high credit needs, their dependence on Central Bank is comparatively less. Degree of sensitivity of banks demand for funds from the Central Bank: Depending on business conditions, commercial banks may or may not be very sensitive to small variations in bank rate. In such situations, bank rate policy may not be a big success. Structure of interest rates in the money market: If non-banking financial institutions in the market vary their interest rates in accordance with what Central Bank expects from the commercial banks, the bank rate policy may not succeed. Overall supply of funds in the market: Bank rate policy may not be a success if non-banking sources of funds are of greater importance in an economy than banking sources. Open Market Operations: Open market operations refer to the sale and purchase of securities in the open market by the Central Bank. By selling securities, the Central Bank absorbs cash balances from within the economy. And, by buying securities, the Central Bank contributes to cash balances in the economy. Cash balances are high powered money on the basis of which commercial banks create credit. Thus, through open market operations, if cash balances are increased, flow of credit will increase many times more, and if cash balances are reduced, the flow of credit will decrease many times more. Success of open market operations depends on some of the following factors: Existence of securities market: There must be a well organized and properly functioning market for the sale and purchase of securities. In the absence of it, open market operations would make little impact on the overhead expenditures of commercial banks. Reserves with the commercial banks: If commercial banks tend to keep own excess reserves with them, they need not buy securities. This is the standard practice in several developed countries; therefore open market operations under such market scenario would hardly ever be a success. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): It refers to the minimum percentage of a commercial banks total deposits required to be kept at the central bank. Commercial banks have to keep with the Central Bank a certain percentage of their deposits in the form of cash reserves as a matter of law of the country. For example, if the minimum reserve ratio is 10% and total deposits of a particular commercial bank is $100 million; it will have to keep $10 million with the central bank. If the minimum reserve ratio is raised to 20%, the commercial bank will have to keep $20 million with the Central Bank. When the cash flow or credit is to be increased in the economy, minimum reserve ratio is reduced, and when the cash flow or credit is to be reduced in the economy, minimum cash reserve ratio is increased. Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Every commercial bank is required to maintain a fixed percentage of its assets in the form of cash or other liquid assets called SLR. With a view to reducing the flow of credit in the market, the Central Bank increases this liquidity ratio. However, in instances of expansion of credit, the liquidity ratio is reduced. Success of both CRR and SLR again depends on the amount of excess reserves with the commercial banks. CRR and SLR would be rendered meaningless if banks are used to keeping high excess reserves. Qualitative Instruments: These are those instruments of monetary policy that focus on the alternative uses of credit in the economy. These instruments direct or restrict the flow of credit to specified areas of economic activity. Of course some qualitative instruments may have the shade of quantitative instruments as well, but they are broadly classified in the following manner: Margin Requirement: The margin requirement of loan refers to the difference between the current value of the security offered for loans and the value of loans granted. For example, a person mortgages an article worth $100 with the bank and the bank gives the person a loan of $80. The margin requirement in this case would be 20%. In case the flow of credit is to be restricted for certain specific business activities in the economy, the margin requirement of loan is raised for those very activities. The margin requirement is lowered in case the expansion of credit is desired. It is but natural that those banks that have more exposure to industries where the government of the country is unwilling to forward easy credit, will face lesser demand for loans and thus will be saddled with more idle funds and hence the overhead expenditure ratio for those banks would start soaring. Credit Rationing: Rationing of credit refers to fixation of credit quotas by Central Bank for different business activities conducted in the economy. Rationing of credit is introduced when the flow of credit is to be checked especially for speculative activities in the economy. The Central Bank fixes the credit quota for different business activities. The commercial banks cannot exceed the quota limits while granting loans. Direct Action: The Central Bank of a country might initiate direct action against the member banks in case they do not comply with its directives. Direct action includes withdrawal of banking license of the erring commercial bank and disallowing it to continue with banking business any longer. Moral Suasion: Sometimes, the Central Bank makes the member banks agree through persuasion or pressure to follow its directives with a view to controlling the flow of credit. The Central Bank has regulatory authority over all commercial banks and hence these banks generally care for and heed to the advices given by Central Bank with regard to expanding or contracting the flow of credit. If flow of credit is expanded, overhead expenditure ratio of commercial banks comes down and if the flow of credit is restricted, the overhead expenditure ratio of commercial banks goes up. If overhead expenditure ratio goes up, the commercial banks are compelled to increase their lending interest rates in an effort to retain the net interest margin. Selective Credit Controls: It refers to the discriminatory policy of Central Banks in favor of or against certain sectors of the economy. Flow of credit to certain sectors (priority sectors) may be encouraged with a view to stimulating the level of activity in these sectors. This is a positive application of Selective Credit Control. Also, the Central Bank may decide to restrict the availability of credit to certain (non-priority) sectors. Generally, during periods of inflation, availability of credit for speculative activities is discouraged. This is a negative application of Selective Credit Control. Commercial banks falling within the ambit of negative Selective Credit Control usually find it rather difficult to maintain their net interest margin. Market structure-Competition in the banking sector and stability of commercial banks The traditional view is of competition-fragility where it is stated that increased number of players in the banking sector reduces market share of each player and negatively impacts both the net interest margin and overhead expenditure ratio. If such an unrestricted entry in the banking sector is coupled with a spate of deregulation of this sector; banks are handed in a platter the opportunity of taking risks that are at times too high and purely speculative. At times banks have been able to manage such risks, but more often than not, such rash risk taking has ended in a spate of bank failures in countries where simultaneous relaxation of entry norms in banking sector coupled with deregulation of banking activities have taken place. Thus proponents of competition-fragility concept argue against allowing unrestricted entry of willing entrepreneurs in the banking sector. However, of late there has been another school of thought that has gained considerable ground and it takes a contrary stand of competition-stability. The second school of thought does not negate in totality the perceptions of the older school of thought in the sense that it does admit that additional competition indeed reduces market equity that leads to greater degree of risk taking by commercial banks by lending at higher rates of interest to potentially risky borrowers in an effort to shore up the steadily declining net interest margin that gets battered by increased competition in the lenders market. But the new school of thought differs in how the commercial banks would brace themselves against such potential high risk customers. The new theory states that the banks will try to cover their high exposure to risk by opting for more equity capital, sale of loans or credit derivatives or opting for a leaner loan portfolio or some other risk mitigation techniques that are easily avai lable. The dominant refrain in this school of thought is that when the banks are aware of the additional risk exposure on account of increased market competition, they will most certainly undertake risk mitigation measures instead of closing their eyes to the impending danger and pray for a miracle or feel smug under the misleading impression that they are too big to fail. The other observation of experts is that prevailing deposit rate controls are essentially strong and act as sufficient disincentives to banks to try and corner a sizeable number of customers by offering irresistibly attractive rates of interest. These deposit rate controls never allow the commercial banks to cross all limits and behave in a totally imprudent manner irrespective of the extent of competition in the banking sector. The other equally important issue is that a bank can hope to increase its franchise power only if it remains in business for a sufficiently long period of time. Surely no commercial bank would risk its long term future, indeed its very existence by dealing in high risk loans and be out of business before getting any real chance of building up a substantial goodwill. Those in favor of competition-stability theory also attempt to view the issue from an opposite perspective. They argue that if there is less competition in the banking sector the established playe rs, secured in their sizeable volume of market share might get tempted to take irrational risk in an attempt to earn excess profit. The perception that they are too secure and, more importantly, too big to fail may make them a trifle reckless and over adventurous while taking loan risks. These apparently inconsequential loan risks may snowball into crises that may put the entire bank in financial jeopardy. (Berger, Klapper and Turk-Ariss) Recent improvisations in financial intermediation market With the recent emergence of financial futures and options there has been a sea change in the market for financial intermediation which was till recently dominated by banking firms that mobilized deposits or issued insurance policies and channelized resultant funds to producer sector. The financial markets have undergone a complete transformation with an unprecedented growth of bonds and stock markets and the emergence of completely novel financial products as various mortgage backed securities and other securitized assets, as well as derivative instruments such as swaps and complex options. One important observation made by experts in this regard is that these new financial products have almost completely been used by financial intermediaries with households showing practically no interest in dealing with these new entrants in financial market. In fact, there has been a dramatic reduction in the participation of individuals and almost corresponding increasing in the level of participation of intermediaries in financial markets. There has also been a silent but thorough change in the nature of players in finance markets. The market shares of traditional banks and insurance companies have fallen while market shares of mutual funds and pension funds have increased phenomenally. A completely new type of non-banking or non-insurance financial intermediary like GE Capital, that has raised capital entirely by issuing security and not taking any deposits, has emerged on the financial scene. In a natural reaction, banks and insurance companies have also brought in certain perceptible changes in their operations. Banks have discovered that by securitizing loans it becomes possible to remove them from the liability side of their balance sheets. Insurance companies have also started shifting from actuarial functions to providing newer and more growth oriented products. It has been observed that a dramatic reduction of individual participation has been almost simultaneous with an increase in better opportunities for individuals to operate in market. This nails earlier theories that financial intermediaries prospered as it is difficult and expensive for an individual to conduct activities in financial market. The truth perhaps lies in the idea that financial intermediaries have actually evolved in becoming really efficient risk managers of both individuals and corporate entities and have an extremely important role to play in economies of future. (Allen and Santomero) Conclusions The Bank regulations can explain the cost of financial intermediation. It has the statute of limitations and regulations on banking activities. These rules can regulations the freedom of bankers to conduct business, and improve the banks net interest margin. From the bank stability, firms access to external finance, bank valuations and financial development. From these points to shows the characteristics centralized control of banking sector and the inflation rate. The more important is the Institutional rules and regulations, market structure. Governments ownership and business cycle fluctuations both these factors can impact the Cost of Financial Intermediation. The impact of market structure is from the competition. Lowering the price to increase the market share and reduce the Cost of Financial Intermediation. References Allen, Franklin and Anthony M. Santomero. The theory of financial intermediation. Journal of Banking Finance 21 1998: 1461-1485. Berger, Allen N., Leora F. Klapper and Rima Turk-Ariss. Bank Competition and Financial Stability. J Financ Serv Res 2009: 99-118. Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, Asli, Luc Laeven and Ross Levine. Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 36, No. 3, Part 2 June 2004: 593-622. Diamond, Douglas W. (1984). Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring. Review of Economic Studies 51, 393-414. Levine, Ross (2003). Deny Foreign Bank Entry: Implications for Bank Interest Margins. In Bank Competition, edited by Luis Antonio Ahumada and Rodrigo Fuentes. Santiago, Chile: Banco Central de Chile, forthcoming.

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Substance Use and Abuse Among Children and Teenagers During the past several years, there has been a renewed national concern about drug abuse, culminating in the current "war on drugs." In this review, we emphasize that even though child or teenage drug use is an individual behavior, it is embedded in a sociocultural context that strongly determines its character and manifestations. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit (cigarettes and alcohol) and illicit (e.g., cannabis and cocaine). We feel that it is critical to draw a distinction between use and abuse of drugs and to do so from a multidimensional perspective that includes aspects of the stimulus (drug), organism (individual), response, and consequences. Our selective review of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents covers epidemiology (patterns and extent of drug use), etiology (what generates substance use), prevention (how to limit drug use), treatment (interventions with drug users), and consequences (effects and outcomes of youthful drug use). In this abbreviated review, we selectively examine the recent literature and current status of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit and illicit, including cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and other drugs. We examine the use and abuse of substances by children and teenagers from five perspectives: epidemiology, etiology, prevention, treatment, and consequences (see Rogers, 1987 , for additional overviews and references). The United States is a drug culture. Drugs are used commonly and acceptably to wake up in the morning (coffee or tea), get through the stresses of the day (cigarettes), and relax in the evening (alcohol). The Marlboro Man and the Virginia Slims woman are widely seen models, and licit drugs are pushed to remedy all of the ills one may face–stress, headaches, depression, physical illness, and so on. Children face a monumental task of sorting out the many images and messages regarding both licit and illicit drugs. Adolescents are quite adept at spotting hypocrisy and may have difficulty understanding a policy of "saying no to drugs" when suggested by a society that clearly says "yes" to the smorgasbord of drugs that are legal as well as the range of illicit drugs that are widely available and used. A few words are in order on the distinction between use and abuse of drugs. This differentiation is critical to such diverse topics as societal justification for limiting access to drugs (whether By legal or other means) or for considering psychological intervention.

Robespierre – Evil or Virtuous?

Robespierre: Evil or Virtuous? â€Å"Virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent† (Zizek). Maximilien Robespierre said this in a speech when people were starting to question his judgment. He believed that to be only virtuous was difficult, and without some terror added in, the world would go into turmoil as no one would follow their leader. A leader has to be strong and forceful, and sometimes even terrifying to get their point across, or to get people to follow them.Robespierre always wanted what was best for France and was willing to do anything to get it, even if that meant causing harm to the people of France. He felt that as long as the outcome of his hard work came with the results he wanted, anything he did was justified. Despite all the horror of the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre was a virtuous man. He not only reacted to the problems in France with determination, but he created a clear program to help France in this troubled time. He also was the leader of many committees and he established many laws to further the French Revolution.Even when some of the people of France started to turn against him, he produced a program to help them, not to harm them. Robespierre always had France’s best interests at heart. He never wanted to have to use terror as a means of moving the French Revolution forwards, but he believed it had to happen for the better of France. He was a virtuous man from the beginning right up until the end and for that, he will be well remembered. In 1788, France was in turmoil and panic. France was going bankrupt and King Louis had to deal with disaster after disaster. The coldest winter in the history of France in seventy-nine years fell upon the nation.The price of bread almost doubled, the peasantry began to starve, and famine threatened whole sections of the population. By the end of 1788, Louis XVI received over eight hundred petitions demanding that the Commons, the Th ird Estate, have as many votes as the clergy and nobility combined in the Estates-General (Blumberg 291). By late November, King Louis became desperate and issued a proclamation convening the Estates-General for the following May, showing that already he was losing power over his people. Robespierre was elected as one of the twenty-four representatives of the Third Estate for Arras.He came in with a calm determination to fix everything and began to make his mark in history. As soon as the summoning of the Estates-General was proclaimed, Robespierre conceived the idea of seeking election. Unlike others who claimed to speak to the whole of France, he thought it better to deal with local matters, thus providing the people with issues of more immediate interest. Robespierre believed that the Estates were not representative since they were â€Å"constituted of a league of a few citizens who had seized power which belongs only to the people† (Matrat 43).He thought that the First Es tate held their seats only by virtue of their rank, and not by election and did not believe that this was fair. â€Å"By what right have they excluded the cures, the class that is without contradiction the most numerous; the most useful of this body; the most valuable because of the close relationship which binds it to the needs and interests of the people† (Matrat 43)? Robespierre went on to consider the composition of the Second Estate and found it no more representative. As for the Third Estate, he stressed that they represented neither the townspeople nor the country folk.Robespierre also protested strongly against forced labour among the farmers of Hainaut, which brought him the favour of these people as well as respect from many others. Robespierre was also in the National Assembly and was trying his hardest to restore the rights of man to his country. During these years, he earned a reputation for integrity and developed eloquence in his speeches that drew increasing a ttention from the Assembly. Robespierre proposed the self-denying law which made all the delegates to the first Assembly of 1789 ineligible for the second in 1791 and he also argued that liberty could not be spread by force.The Royal Family of France’s attempted escape on June 20th, 1791 made many people very unhappy with the King. The mob, ever ready to exercise the uncontrolled Rights of Men, made a mock parade of the King’s Arms in the market places, and, dashing them and the figure of a crown to the ground, they trampled upon them, crying out, â€Å"Since the King has abandoned what he owed to his high situation, let us trample upon the ensigns of royalty† (Ascherson 48)! The Royal Family not only lost many of its followers through their attempted escape, but also because King Louis XVI kept making bad decisions, ones that had no benefit to France or its people.The people wanted someone who would lead them into a revolution and change France for the better, not because they wanted the power, but because they believed in France and wanted it to become a great nation. That man was Robespierre, who after the flight of the King followed the Jacobin club in its move toward republicanism. He called for universal male suffrage and the end of property qualifications for voting and office holding (Blumberg 290). Robespierre wanted to make France a republic, a government for the people and by the people, a country where everyone had the freedoms and rights they deserved.In January of 1793, Robespierre voted on whether or not he thought that King Louis should be executed for his actions. At the Convention on the trial of the King, he looked towards the judges and stated; Because you have established yourselves the judge of Louis, without the usual forms, are you less his judges? You cannot separate your quality of Judge from that of Legislator. These two qualities are indivisible. You have acknowledged the crimes of the tyrant. It is your duty to punish them. No consideration should make you hesitate respecting the punishment reserved for the greatest criminal that ever existed.I vote for the punishment of death (Ascherson 84). Robespierre led the beginning of other members of the Assembly leaders voting for the Kings death. Out of a total of seven hundred and forty-five members, three hundred and sixty-six voted for King Louis death that was carried out on January 25th, 1793 (Ascherson 86-7). After the Kings death, Robespierre stood up as the leader of France and the Jacobins and began his attempts to make France the nation he hoped it would someday become. Robespierre accomplished much, establishing many committees and laws to further the French Revolution.The Declaration of the Rights of Man proclaimed freedom, propriety, the safety of the individual, resistance to oppression, the sovereignty of the nation, the participation of all citizens in the drawing up of laws, and the admission of all to situations and honours, wi th no other distinction than that of their virtues and their talents (Kreis). Robespierre believed in the Declaration and was against the establishment of any censorship. There ought to be no compromise in the matter. The freedom of the press ought to be established without any reservation.Free men cannot set out their rights in equivocal terms. Freedom of the press is the corollary of freedom of speech. In a free state each citizen is a guardian of freedom, who must shout at the smallest rumour, and at the least sight of any danger which threatens it (Matrat 67). Robespierre argued his beliefs and his dreams not only for himself, but for those people who did not have a voice. He argued for the people of France. Through newspapers and word of mouth, Robespierre became known as one of the most diligent defenders of the people.He made many speeches and put forth many proposals in the National Assembly that spoke on the changes he wanted to make in France. One such proposal was to crea te a tribunal made up of members of the Assembly who would be concerned with â€Å"plots and conspiracies against the people and freedom† (Matrat 79). Then the people, certain of the punishment of its enemies, would feel reassured and would calm down. When Robespierre was elected as the president of the Jacobins in March of 1790 he reacted with determination and a clear program.The nation had to mobilize all its resources for the war against Austria, draft every available man, ration food fix prices and wages, weed out opposition at home, punish slackers, speculators, and food hoarders, and suspend due process of law to accelerate the arrests of counterrevolutionaries (Blumberg 291). In April on 1793, the Committee of Public Safety replaced the Committee for General Defence with nine members. The Committee of Public Safety formed to keep chaos from reigning over France as counter-revolutionaries rebelled against the new French government.Soon after the Committee was establish ed, the Convention elected Robespierre to the Committee. Robespierre wanted to rally the masses to Jacobin doctrines and so he set up three laws to give them substantial advantages. One law set up the sale of the possessions of emigres in small lots, with a period of ten years for payment to be made. This made it possible for the less wealthy peasants to buy land (Duhaime). Another law provided for the subdivision of communal property in equal portions and the third law abolished hierarchy rights and dues founded on ancient charters.Finally, to cushion the effect of rising prices there was a general increase in the salaries of civil servants (Matrat 204). As Robespierre’s reign went on more and more people started attacking him, believing that he was working against the Revolution. Robespierre heard the people whispering about him when they thought he was not listening, but he was listening all the time. In a speech, he announced to everybody that he knew people where against them, but he wanted them to say it to his face. One man then spoke up against him and accused him.Robespierre looked at the man calmly and did not criticize him, but thanked him. â€Å"Citizen, you had the courage to accuse me of wanting to be my country’s enemy, in the face of the people’s representatives, in this very place where I defended their rights. I thank you. I recognize in this deed the citizenship that characterizes the famous city that has sent you† (Matrat 175). Robespierre wanted to give the people a chance to speak their mind, but he always defended himself against the crimes that they claimed he did.When being accused of â€Å"having ceaselessly slandered the purest patriots† (Matrat 178), Robespierre came back with a speech that was calm and precise, one that made a strong impression and won him back some of the people of France. While in the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre continued to prove to the people that he was indeed on their side. He knew that there were some who criticized the committee for its military policy, but also knew that they could only do so with the intention of embarrassing the government.I realize that there is a scheme for paralyzing the Committee of Public Safety, by seeming to help it in its work, and that people are trying to vilify the executive power so that they can say that there is no longer an authority in France capable of holding the reins of government. The fact is that they want our places. Well, let them take them! I would like to see them, night and day, probing the wounds of the state, and spending their lives in finding a remedy for them. Do they want to extenuate out labours, or do they want to lead us to counter-revolution by betraying patriots in the hearts of the people (Matrat 223)?As always, Robespierre had captivated the crowd and won their applause. He proved that the job he was doing was hard, and that if others wanted to take over, they would not be able t oo. They would only lead to the downfall of France. The war against Austria was over in the spring of 1794 and the French armies began to come home. Robespierre continued to murder those he thought were against him and France but the people no longer understood his actions. Up to a certain point the Terror had been justified by reverses in the war, but France was now victorious.Robespierre was being called a tyrant for his murderous ways but he had a different view on the matter. â€Å"They call me tyrant. If I were, they would grovel at my feet, I would gorge them with gold, I would give them the right to commit any crime† (Matrat 267). Even with the people of France turning against him and calling him a tyrant, he continued to do his best to help them. Robespierre set up a program for France that included a guarantee of food for everyone at low prices, distribution of land to the poor, public education, social security for the aged, ill and injured, and a progressive income tax (Blumberg 292).Robespierre was the power and change France needed right up until the very end and no matter what the people did to him, said to him, or thought of him, he kept to his goals for France. Robespierre wanted a revolution, he wanted change and he, without a doubt brought it to France. Of all the Chiefs of the different groups which have successively reigned in the volcano of the French Revolution, Robespierre was the man whose Government promised to be the most durable; because he had the character of being the most incorruptible, and of being the man who had shown the least variation in his conduct (Ascherson 115).Despite all the horror of the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre was a virtuous man. When France was in turmoil and panic Robespierre came in to fix everything and helped move France forward and push the Revolution onwards. He was a leader in the Committee of Public Safety and created laws all to try and help France. Even when people started to turn o n him, he put forth a program to try and aid them. He cared about the people of France, and even France itself as a whole. Robespierre wanted France to change and develop into the country he knew it would someday be and he was willing to do anything to achieve this goal.

Struggle And Disillusionment In Shakespeares Hamlet

As with the majority of Shakespeare’s works, the 1601 tragedy of Hamlet still remains as an acclaimed source of inspiration for complex interpretations and in-depth criticism. Its values lies not within its plot, but rather within the constituents that gives rise to the textual integrity of the play. Hence, such thematic concerns of Struggle and Disillusionment are dramatically explored through elements of the dramatic form to impart an effect on the audience that allows the play to transcend contextual barriers. Such elements include the characterisation of the eponymous protagonist, various soliloquies, character foils, and the structure of the play. Edgar Johnson, expresses in his text â€Å"The Dilemma of Hamlet† (1956) that Hamlet’s†¦show more content†¦Additionally, this would lead to an internal struggle unique to the audience as the notion of ‘antic disposition’ becomes blurred as the play progresses. This is further supported by th e presence of the Ghost in Act 3, of which only Hamlet notices. Gertrude assures Hamlet, â€Å"This is the very coinage of your brain/This bodiless creation ecstasy/Is very cunning in.† (Act 3 Scene 4). This gives rise to the suggestion that the Ghost is a manifestation of his newfound madness and hence the authenticity of Hamlet’s apparent madness is a source of conflict within the audience. Johnson, however, views Hamlet’s madness as an innate quality that encompasses ‘the temptation to wreak justice for the wrong reasons and in evil passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. He does not consider the audience’s knowledge of Hamlet’s ‘antic disposition’ which allows for the interpretation that the dilemma is perhaps his progression to madness. Accordingly, the peculiar dramatic treatment of struggle through the multifarious and inwardness nature of Hamlet directly engages the audience continuously. The internal struggles and disillusionment of characters are conveyed to the audience in an intimate manner through the use of soliloquies. His core dilemma is revealed to the audience in his first soliloquy in Act 1, Scene 2 where he expresses his disillusionment with the world and life upon his mother’s swift remarriage to his uncle, describing it as â€Å"†¦weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable/SeemShow MoreRelatedStruggle And Disillusionment In Shakespeares Hamlet1945 Words   |  8 PagesAs with the majority of Shakespeare’s works, the tragedy of Hamlet still remains an acclaimed source of inspiration for complex interpretations and in-depth criticism. Its value lies not within its plot, but rather within the constituents that gives rise to the textual integrity of the play. Hence, such thematic concerns of Struggle and Disillusionment are dramatically explored through elements of the dramatic form to impart an effect on the audience that allows the play to t ranscend contextual barriersRead More‘Shakespeare’s Hamlet Continues to Engage Audiences Through Its Dramatic Treatment of Struggle and Disillusionment.’711 Words   |  3 Pages‘Shakespeare’s Hamlet continues to engage audiences through its dramatic treatment of struggle and disillusionment.’ In the light of your critical study, does this statement resonate with your own interpretation of Hamlet? In your response, make detailed reference to the play. It is human nature to both understand and have gone through the concept of struggle and disillusionment. 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